Death Penalty - 1135 Words

English 1101 27 November 2012 The death penalty was reinstated in the United States in 1977, and since then murderers and rapist have been executed for the violent and harsh crimes they were found guilty of committing. In the past thirty years over 1,200 prisoners have been put to death for crimes in which they were convicted. The government of each state executes these prisoners by way of the electric chair, gas chamber, and the most common way lethal injection. A survey, from the Death Penalty Information Center, shows that over half of the citizens in the United States support the death sentence. Some supporter of the death penalty may even believe that sparing the guilty shows them mercy and the victims’ families no justice. If†¦show more content†¦The Death Penalty Information Center reports that â€Å"in Louisiana, the odds of a death sentence were 97% higher for those whose victims was white than for those whose victims was black.† A study in California found that those who kille d whites were over three times more likely to put to death than those who killed blacks and over 4 times more than those who killed Latinos (The Death Penalty Information Center). The pie chart below provided by Amnesty international USA displays the race of the victim in each execution case since 1977. The information displays that the race of the victim determines if the death sentence will be enforced. Although the three previous reasons are great reasons we should abolish the death penalty, none are greater than an innocent person could be executed. Since capital punishment was reinstated in 1977, over 120 people have been exonerated from the death row because they were found innocent of the crime they were once found guilty of committing. Therefore, how many mistakes have been made by the capital punishment system? Alexis Stodghill reports that Professor James Stodghill from Columbia University found in an execution study that 82% of death row inmates did not deserve the death penalty and one in twenty is later found not guilty.Show MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penal ty Essay example812 Words   |  4 Pagesa person’s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.† I would like to see if a person’s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty: Capital Punishment and Violent Crime1570 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment and Violent Crime Hypothesis Most Americans are pro-death penalty, even though they dont really believe that it is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Those who are pro-death penalty will remain so, even if faced with the best arguments of anti-death penalty activists and told to assume the arguments were absolutely true. Violent crime Violent crime is a major problem in the United States. According to the ACLU, the violent crime rate rose sixty-one percentRead MoreEssay on Article Analysis: OSullivans View of the Death Penalty1536 Words   |  7 PagesBritain should have the death penalty. O’Sullivan addresses all the main counter arguments when explain to his audience his conclusion. His supporting evidence includes death penalty decisions in history and several other statistics. Emotionally terms, faulty cause and effects scenarios, and either/or point of views are other ways the author conveys his opinion to the audience. The article begins with an overall theme threw out O’Sullivan’s piece: does the death penalty appropriately punishRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, â€Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyei ng or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the â€Å"new found† legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailed

The Assassination Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy - 2088 Words

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was not the first US president to be murdered, three presidents before him had died after being shot by an assassin. They were Abraham Lincoln in 1865, James Garfield in 1881, and William McKinley in 1901. Kennedy’s death seemed particularly shocking because he was still young and seemed to have so much still to do as a President, there seemed to be no motive for his killing. The Kennedys came from Boston, Massachusetts. John was born 29th May 1917, the second of nine children born to Joseph Kennedy and his wife Rose Fitzgerald. Before the Second World War Joseph Kennedy, a millionaire, had been America’s ambassador to Great Britain. During that war, John Kennedy served in the US Navy, skippering a patrol boat in†¦show more content†¦1963 was an important year in American politics. Kennedy wanted action on civil rights and other issues, he promised to put an American on the moon by 1970 to beat the Russians to it. Kennedy spoke of a ‘new frontier’, with better schools, hospitals and welfare for all Americans. The next presidential election was due in November 1964, and the southern states were already a big worry. This is why Kennedy headed for Texas, he wanted four more years to achieve his goals. November 21, 1963 was the first day of a political trip to Texas for the Kennedy s. They would visit San Antonio and Houston, then fly to Fort Worth to spend the night and then travel to Dallas the next day. Kennedy was considering the upcoming 1964 Presidential election, and he knew that his re-election was not secure. Kennedy had lost a substantial amount of support in the southern states because of his civil rights bill and would need to make up these electoral votes. It was thought that if Kennedy did a non- political tour of the western-states he would gain more support. No Democrat had ever won a presidential election without winning in Texas, Kennedy had also come to Texas to reconcile differences between opposing factions of the Democratic Party in the state. Kennedy knew that there was a chance that a motorcade with his popular wife might sway a few voters without him saying a word. The President and

Paediatric Nursing Skills Australian Nursesâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Paediatric Nursing Skills Australian Nurses? Answer: Introducation Life transitions refer to the continual change in physical and mental health along the life span that every individual has to go through. It is the passage from one status, condition or phase to another, and indicates the outcomes of person-environment interactions. Human relationships come into the limelight in this regard as relationships existing between two individuals are a result of the transition phase an individual is going through (Fraser et al., 2017). Nursing practice demands an in-depth understanding of the concept of life transition, especially when it comes to child care. The essay put forward in here is an attempt to highlight the transition of a three-year-old child Jack from social and cognitive developmental viewpoint. The paper includes the theories of Piaget and Erikson. The next section of the essay would focus on the association between cognitive and social development concepts. Lastly, the significance of understanding the implications of the development of thi s age group in nursing practice is highlighted. Jean Piaget, a well-known psychologist, had outlined the famous life span theory of cognitive development that is widely referred to while analysing different case studies. Cognitive development is an essential component of human development. The theory primarily focuses on how factors guide its development (Overton, 2013). The second stage of human development, as mentioned in theory, is termed as the Pre-operational Stage. This stage considers children of age between two years and seven years. The mental representation of the previous stage enables a swift transition to this stage. It implies that a child can ow exhibit a representation of self through different modes, particularly language. A child moves forward from using only words for self-expression to using sentences that are structured appropriately. The relationship a child forms between language is evident, and actions depend on the ability to express self. A key feature of the stage is egocentrism, as defined by the perce ption of surrounding in relation to self. A child might be struggling to perceiving situations from viewpoint of others (Carey et al., 2015). Drawing facts from the given case study it is to be mentioned that Jack has not been able to achieve the milestones pointed out in the theory of Piaget. This can be explained by the fact that Jack is not capable of speaking in complete sentences and instead uses two or three words to raise his views. As he babbles constantly, it is perceived that he is not willing to communicate with others. Limitation in language development and can be attributed to lesser support from his mother Vanessa, a key reason for being egocentric. Another important feature of this stage is conservation. This means that a chid might be finding it difficult to understand the measurements of different situations (Beilin Pufall, 2013). In the present case, the child could be having difficulty in measuring the time he spends at the day care unit and home, compelling him to think that he is away from the best care source, that is his mother, for a longer period. This could give rise to feelings of solitude and rejection. Erik Erikson is known to explain child development concepts through his theory of social development. Erikson has divided a life span of human into eight distinct phases each with a discreet set of features. As per this theory, a child of three years age is considered to be in the second life stage, that has the virtue of will. Socialisation at this stage is evidently strong as motor skills develop. A child is torn between doubt and shame on one hand and autonomy on another. Eliminative function improves significantly at this stage with the hep and support form parents (Johnson Anderson, 2016). Hockenberry et al., (2016) in this regard state that a child relies on the support and guidance of the mother for improving the skills he is taught. If the assertion is provided by the mother, a child will consider imbibing the social skills he is taught and demonstrating them to the outer world. Autonomy of a child is only evident when the parent is there constantly to drive him towards posi tive change. It is an important aspect that a child would want to explore his surrounding if he is permitted to do so. From the present case study, we find that Jack has not made much improvement in his toileting skills as desired at his age. The fact that he is left behind at day care unit by his mother is of chief importance in this regard. Vanessa, his mother, is away most of the times for her work, leaving him in the care of a nurse. The care provided by a mother cannot be substituted by that of others, and this is the same in this case. The essence of continual support and warmth and encouragement is not there for Jack that could have helped in developing the toileting skills. Confidence has not built up within Jack by which he could improve his skills and show the same at the care unit. Absence of a trusted guardian has restricted Jack from achieving the milestones. Autonomy has not been established in the absence of motivation from his mother. The relationship between social development and cognitive development of a child is noteworthy as one exerts a deep impact on the other (Fraser Fraser, 2017). The author pinpoints that the impact of cognitive development on social development is far-reaching. The rationale behind this thought is that if a child is able to think in a rational manner and express himself through proper language, he is able to express his emotions and establish social relationships. The child is also abe to understand concepts of self. The physical development also leads to mental development or cognitive development. From the present case study, it can be highlighted that Jack has not developed his cognitive skills, that might be a reason for his ability to demonstrate toileting skills. Considerate knowledge of the life stage of a child between 2-5 years is decisive for a nurse to deliver good quality care. In case of day care unit, a nurse is responsible for delivering care that is comprehensive and revolves around physical, social and cognitive milestones. Developing knowledge of this life transition phase would enable a nurse to plan a care chart for the child as per his needs. The development of the child is to be compared with the milestones outlines in the theories so that the further needs of the chid can be highlighted. Care can be fostered if the child is helped with the skills he is not competent with. The overall outcome would be better outcomes for the child care (DiCenso et al., 2014). The above paper gave an opportunity to explore the different dimensions of social and cognitive development of children at the stage of three years. The theories that were explained pertaining to this life stage was cognitive development theory of Piaget and social development theory of Erikson. From the paper, it can be concluded that a nurse plays an important role on how a chid is cared for so that he is able to attain the desirable milestones of his age. Understanding the multi-faceted concepts of human development is an essential element of nursing practice. References Beilin, H., Pufall, P. B. (Eds.). (2013).Piaget's theory: Prospects and possibilities. Psychology Press. Carey, S., Zaitchik, D., Bascandziev, I. (2015). Theories of development: In dialog with Jean Piaget.Developmental Review,38, 36-54. DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., Ciliska, D. (2014).Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Forster, E., Fraser, J. (2017).Paediatric Nursing Skills for Australian Nurses. Cambridge University Press. Fraser, J., Waters, D., Forster, E., Brown, N. (2017).Paediatric Nursing in Australia: Principles for Practice. Cambridge University Press. Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., Rodgers, C. C. (2016).Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Johnson, A. L., Anderson, E. D. (2016). Birth and Infancy: Emotional and Social Development.Human Growth and Development Across the Lifespan: Applications for Counselors, 151. Overton, W. F. (Ed.). (2013).The relationship between social and cognitive development. Psychology Press.

Is Bottled Water Ethical

Introduction The bottled water industry is one that has grown tremendously in the contemporary society, with multinational corporations such as Pepsi, Coke and Nestle earning billions of dollars in the form of returns annually from the sale of water.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Is Bottled Water Ethical? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bottled water is simply clean water produced either by reverse osmosis, distillation or de-ionization of regular or tap water. It can be sparkling water, which is basically carbonated water, or glacial water, which is water obtained directly from a glacier. Natural water on the other hand is obtained from a specific and recommended underground source which is not from the municipal water supply system. Mineral and spring water is from an underground source which contains relatively high amounts of dissolved mineral salts. There is also artesian water, which is water from a wel l that bears an underground layer of sand or preferably rocks. Bottled water has been a source of major debates and research on why citizens would prefer to spend a lot of money in purchasing something that is available for free in the society. One side of the debaters believes that the selling of bottled water is a practice that is unethical as water is freely available in the environment, and again it leads to unnecessary use of resources in packaging and distributing such water, when it can be easily fetched from the tap. A study conducted in the United States revealed that citizens of the United States consumed up to 8.45 gallons of water that has been bottled in 2009, an aspect that saw them spend $10.6 billion on the same.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The interesting part was that the citizens paid 1000 more times for bottled water in comparison to the tap water co st, when most the same bottled water had been drawn from the municipal tap water. It is thus an issue of concern that the public would prefer to embrace a practice that leads to wastage of resources and imposes on them high economic costs, when they can easily obtain the commodity naturally from the environment (Gallagher 2011). Why People Have Embraced Bottled Water The major drive behind the high consumption of bottled water is the appeal that is created by the packaging used (Gleick 2010). Bottled water companies have embraced various advanced marketing strategies, with the major one being the use of the packaging to attract their consumers. The bottles used in packaging bottled water to always make the water to appear cooler and healthier than the tap water. However, it is evident that tap water is as safe as bottled water for consumption. Using blind taste tests, a study was conducted with the aim of differentiating between tap water and bottled water. It was identified from th e study that the participants were not able to differentiate between tap water and bottled water through taste. The study reveals that there is no much difference between these two categories of water. In any case, bottle water is only but a purified version of tap water. This does not mean that tap water is not clean; the filters are only used to further clean the tap water that is already clean enough for consumption.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Is Bottled Water Ethical? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The incorporation of beautiful images such as those of springs and mountains on the water bottles and further adding of terms such as pure on the pack creates an impression of the extra purity of the bottled water as compared to tap water. As a result, they are pushed towards preferring bottled water (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 2). Other forms of impression such as images of pregnant women consuming bottled wa ter have also been developed in the marketing of bottled water, thus further building a perception of the water being healthier among the consumers (Natural Resources Defence Council 2013). The bottled water companies also develop terms on the packaging which define the origin of water as a place full of purity. For instance, water may be displayed as originating from the Andes, and an image of a stream emanating from the mountain is added in the package just to emphasize the purity of the water. This kind of display and the use of special terms to define the origin of water create a healthy impression of the water. Other companies also develop beautiful advertisements that are used to capture the attention of the consumers and thus to facilitate purchases of bottled water (Saylor, Prokopy Amberg 2011, p. 589).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Impact of Bottled Water on the Environment The entire process of production and distribution of bottled water has a major impact on the environment. To start with, bottled water wastes resources. Environmental degradation starts from the point of production because the amount of energy required to bottle and distribute water is high. The production process involves several processes before bottled water is ready for consumption. The biggest impact is felt in the fossil fuels. In this case, fossil fuels are used in the production process by running the machinery and in the distribution process through running the vehicles. For instance, in 2007, the bottled water industry used almost 54 million oil barrels, in the production and distribution of bottled water. The same amount of fuel can be used by 1.5 million cars in the United States for an entire year (Bartol et al. 2011). This is energy could be referred to as wasted energy given that it could be saved if individual citizens would resolve to using tap water and even carrying some in re-usable bottles. Another aspect of environmental concern in relation to bottled water is the kind of impact the non-biodegradable plastics have on the environment. Bottled water is mainly packed in plastic bottles which are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Plastic bottles make up the best type of packaging since they do not easily break on impact with the floor, besides being lighter in weight. As much as some of these plastic bottles are recycled, a higher percentage of the plastic bottles are dumped into the landfills, streams, lakes, and oceans. Such plastic bottles fail to decompose, leading to the pollution of the environment (Food Water Watch 2013). With the current rate of production of plastic bottles for packaging of bottled water and the low rate at which recycling is being embraced, it goes without saying that in the future the plastic bottles may dig into more land as they will fill up the landfills. Mos t bottles have also been observed to end up scattered everywhere, polluting the environment (Stephenson 2009, p. 23). These water bottles do not easily decompose and they only end up releasing toxic chemicals into the groundwater (Cheng, Shi Adams 2010, p. 1325). By polluting the ground water, the lives that are supported by this water are thus affected. Through incineration, the plastic material release smoke that is toxic into the atmosphere. This smoke also consists of greenhouse gases that play a role in climatic changes and global warming. Ethical Issues Regarding Bottled Water Ethics in a given business or industry require that moral and ethical principles be observed. It applies to all aspects of a company’s or brand’s conduct, impacts and purposes. Functional business areas where the issues of ethics apply include a product’s environmental, financial, production, sales and marketing and human impact paradigm. In the bottled water industry, of particular interest is the issue of environmental degradation that arise from the packaging. The industry’s ethical position can also be analyzed in its impact in creating employment, companies obligations to their employees in the industry, among other concerns. The question of whether it is a healthy practice to drink water from a plastic bottle has been subjected to a lot of arguments. As much as bottled water companies exploit all the possibilities available avenues to explain the safety of bottled water, several researchers have concluded that bottled water has health effects on the users (Suzuki Boyd 2008, p. 68). The same researchers have proven that the primary source of bottled water is the same as that of the tap water. In any case, tap water could be safer than bottled water due to the fact that the former is regulated by the strict EPA body while the latter is regulated by the more lenient FDA. The tap water is also under the management of the Municipal service, which is p art of the government, and thus they ensure that they supply the public with high quality products (Ahmad Bajahlan 2009). Of imprortance is the fact that bottled water does not provide any specific health benefits to the consumer. Municipal water in many countries is equally clean and is frequently inspected for toxic chemicals and bacteria. In the U.S. for example, safety is ensured through the close supervision of the Environmental Protection Agency. Despite the fact that safety groups point out that most municipal water systems are old and rusty, there is very little evidence suggesting that bottled water is healthier than tap water. Furthermore, the plastic container used in packaging has been noted to be in itself a risk. Bottled water companies have maintained that the plastic bottles that they use in packaging water is safe enough and that it does not expose the users to chemical pigments that could affect their health (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 3). However, according to studie s carried out by the government of the United States and other independent researchers, the main plastic components, BPA, used in the production of bottles that are used in packaging of bottled water can fall into the packed water and thus be consumed by the users of the water. The chemical has adverse health effects in the body as it has been identified to mimic estrogen. Besides, the chemical; is linked to various health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and problems of the liver. These are chronic conditions which do not have a cure, but they can only be managed and controlled. In worst cases, these conditions can lead to death. This is an issue of ethics as the company knows that the plastic components are toxic, yet they encourage the public to use it. â€Å"†The company also exhibits a lack of ethics when they claim that what they present to the public is purer when they are aware that the water and the bottles are regulated by two different bodies† (Barto l et al. 2011, p. 3). It is also an issue of ethicality that the bottled water companies do not guarantee the safety of the bottles under different conditions of storage. For instance, in the United States, a label is placed on each bottle of water in the form of a number, one that identifies the type of the plastic material used to make the bottle (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 4). It is important to note that some plastic materials can be reused for more than one time, while others are only used once. Most of the companies that process bottled water use the type 1 water bottle, which is only meant for use once. However, the companies do not enlighten the public on the dangers of repeatedly using such bottles. They also fail to consider the conditions under which such bottles are stored before they are used, ignoring the fact that the bottles are bound to spoil while stored under given conditions. In a study conducted by Harvard University students, it was determined that the level of exp osure of individuals to BPA through using bottled water is so high. In the study, 77 students were exposed to a ‘cleanup’ practice for a week, where they were given water for drinking only from stainless steel containers, in order to reduce the level at which they were exposed to BPA (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 5). In the next step, participants were handed two polycarbonate bottles. They were to use them as the drinking vessel each time they consumed cold beverages for the two weeks that followed. At the end of each of the two weeks, the urine sample of the participants was taken and the levels of BPA determined. â€Å"The results showed a sharp increase of BPA up to 69 percent after the second week, in which the participants used polycarbonate bottles† (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 5). From the studies, it was identified that the plastic bottles expose the users to BPA, and hence to the health effects that come with BPA. In the cases where small baby bottles are headed i n the water in order to warm their water, there is a likelihood of the bottles further releasing BPA into the water. This is an issue of major concern when it involves infants since they are likely to be susceptible to BPA’s endocrine-disrupting potential (Chellaney 2013, p. 131). Organizational Social Responsibility As much as most of the companies have shown lack of ethics in their activities, some companies have developed various activities that are aimed at protecting their consumers and also ensuring that they maintain environmental conservation. For instance, various bottled water companies have embraced recycling, with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of the plastics. Organizations such as Coca-Cola have developed marketing campaigns that have educated the public on the need to recycle the company’s bottles (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 5). The organization is aiming at reducing the amount of plastic bottles that end up in the landfills. In order to facili tate this, the company produces high quality bottles that can be reused. The International Bottled Water Association has also rallied behind bottled water companies in creating awareness among the public on the importance of recycling the plastic bottles and reducing the environmental effect of these non-biodegradable substances. In the year 2010, the bottled water was identified to contribute more than a third wastes to the stream of wastes in the United States (Shaw 2011). Thus, the bottled water companies have exhibited ethics by reducing the environmental effects of their products. However, the process of waste recycling may not be as successful as it may be depicted. A survey conducted by the Container Recycling Institute revealed that the bottled water industry still released up to 1.5 tons of wastes of plastic bottles every year. The American people buy up to 34.6 billion water bottles, with 8 out of every ten of these bottles ending up in incinerators and landfills (Bartol e t al. 2011, p. 6). How to Promote Recycling The number of plastic bottles that go without being recycled is so large. These bottles, as earlier observed facilitate environmental degradation. Thus, proper measures should be put in place to ensure that the flow of plastic bottles into the landfills and incinerators is minimized. One of the measures that can be embraced in order to facilitate the recycling of plastic bottles is that of developing bottle deposit bills in countries that do not have such bills, while including provisions in bills that already exist in countries that have such bills (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 6). These bills would require one to pay an extra amount when purchasing beverages that have been packed in plastic bottles, and they should be refunded the extra amount when they return the bottles for recycling. In the United States, higher rates of bottle recycling have been experienced in the various countries which have bottle deposit bills. For instance, in Califor nia, 80 percent of the soda and beer containers were reported to undergo recycling after the bottle deposit bill was introduced in the state (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 6). A great reduction in the levels of waste was also registered in the state. However, these bills have been observed to fail in most settings as they are highly opposed by the beverage industries through developing public relations that are extensive, using powerful lobbyists, and engaging in campaign contributions (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 6). Companies are opposed to such a move because they are afraid it will increase their costs of doing business, consequently, reducing their sales volume, since they would have to pass on the cost to consumers. These companies also fear that possibility of such a move drawing attention towards the fact the these companies fail to meet their corporate social responsibilities by producing so much waste, which they release into the environment. The efforts that have been exhibited by va rious organizations in terms of reducing the amount of plastic material used in making the plastic bottles have proved to be of less worth, and thus there is a need for the companies to develop other measures that would allow them to effectively cut on environmental pollution. Benefits of Recycling Efforts have been developed by bottled water companies towards developing recycling strategies, that are aimed at reducing the amount of waste plastic that is released into the environment and the environmental damage caused by such wastes (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 6). During the recycling process, most of the bottles are reduced into the plastic material of lower grade, which is later used to create other objects such as tires, playing equipment, and carpets. Those PET bottles are broken down using chemicals, and then they are later sorted into various colors, crushed, cleaned, and cut into small pieces that are pressed into bales. These flakes are later twirled into thread and yarn. What comes out of this process, usually threads, can be, together with other fibers, be used to make other material and different fabrics. These fabrics and material can be used to create other durable and strong items such as coats, jackets, hats, bags and shoes. Conclusion The bottled water industry is one of the fastest growing, and one that attracts an equal measure of criticism and appreciation at the same time. As explained in the paper, ethics in a given business or industry require that moral and ethical principles be observed. It applies to all aspects of a company’s or brand’s conduct, impacts and purposes. Functional business areas where the issues of ethics apply include a product’s environmental, financial, production, sales and marketing and human impact paradigm. For example, if the production process of a product risks the lives of employes, employers and the community around, ethical obligations are considered to be violated. In the bottled water ind ustry, of particular interest is the issue of environmental degradation that arise from the packaging. The industry’s ethical position can also be analyzed in its impact in creating employment, companies obligations to their employees in the industry, among other concerns. It is evident that bottled water has penetrated its roots deep into the society, which individuals spending large amounts of money purchasing this kind of water, while disregarding the same source of such water, tap water, with is naturally available and for free. It had been observed that the water companies have created attractive images and terms that are incorporated on the packages, which create an impression of how healthy and cool such water is, as compared to the tap water. As a result, most individuals have been pulled towards bottled water not knowing the various health problems that they are exposing themselves to. The plastic bottles mainly used to pack bottled water consists of BPA chemical, wh ich may leak into the water and cause the health effects such as diabetes, liver problems and heart attacks to individuals, if they consume such water. Various companies have developed recycling frameworks whereby they recycle the plastic bottles and they come up with other objects. This is important as it reduces the environmental effects that come with the plastic bottles for packing water. These bottles have been observed to leak chemicals into groundwater and to emit dangerous gases into the atmosphere when incinerated (Cheng, Shi Adams 2010, p. 1325). As much as recycling stands out to be the most effective method of handling these negative effects to the environment, it has not been adequately embraced, and thus, proper measures need to be put in place in order to promote recycling. One of these measures involves the development of bottle deposit bills. Reference List Ahmad, M Bajahlan, AS 2009, ‘Quality Comparison of tap water vs. Bottled water in the Industrial City of Yanbu (Saudi Arabia)’, Environmental Monitoring Assessment, vol 159, pp. 1-14. Bartol, D, Canney, J, Cunningham, J, Flaherty, S McNamee, L 2011, ‘Marketing of Bottled Water: Business and Ethical Issues’, Rivier Academic Journal, vol 7, no. 1, pp. 1-8. Chellaney, B 2013, Water, Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water Crisis, 1st edn, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc, Boulevard. Cheng, X, Shi, H Adams, CD 2010, ‘Assessment of metal contaminations leaching out from recycling plastic bottles upon treatments’, Environmental Science Pollution Resources, vol 17, pp. 1323–1330. Food Water Watch 2013, Bottled Water Costs Consumers and the Environment. Web. Gallagher, J 2011, ‘Raising Waters’, Supermarket News, vol 59, no. 13. Gleick, P H 2010, Bottled and sold: The story behind our obsession with bottled water, Island Press, Washington, DC. Natural Resources Defense Council 2013, Bottled Water. Web. Saylor, A, Prokopy, LS A mberg, S 2011, ‘What’s Wrong with the Tap? Examining Perceptions of Tap Water and Bottled Water at Purdue University’, Environmental Management, vol 48, pp. 588-601. Shaw WH 2011, Business ethics. Boston, MA, Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Stephenson, JB 2009, Bottled Water: FDA Safety and Consumer Protections are Often  Less Stringent, United States Government Accountability Office, Washington, D.C. Suzuki, D Boyd, DR 2008, David Suzuki’s Green Guide, Greystone Books, Vancouver. This report on Is Bottled Water Ethical? was written and submitted by user Theo Pate to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cantuyrbury Tales essays

Cantuyrbury Tales essays If one were to read The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, it is inevitable that one would sense Chaucers outright disrespect toward the medieval church. Through various descriptions of Church figures, brilliant characterization, and obvious comments Chaucer displays his evident antipathy toward the Church. Through his descriptions of certain religious figures he illustrates that they are the opposite of what they should be. Also, through the tales these travelers tell he shows the blasphemous struggles of power that the Church went through in the middle ages. To begin his mockery of the Church Chaucer begins with the Friar. In the Prologue, Chaucer writes ...For he was qualified to hear confessions, or so he said, with more than priestly scope; He had special license from the Pope. Obviously he is portraying the Friar as a liar, displaying his distrust toward the Church. When the Friar tells his tale, it is about the wickedness and corruption of Summoners which exhibits Chaucers amusement with the struggle for power by the Medieval Church. Chaucer again mocks the Friars character by portraying him as better than lepers, beggars and that crew. Friars by calling are supposed to be beggars who live on just enough to survive, which is exactly that which he sees himself above. Next on Chaucers ridicule list is the Pardoner. Chaucer describes him as a shameless and immoral man intensely self-loathing yet devoted to his task of defrauding people of their money. The pardoner makes people believe that they have sinned and need to buy pardons to save themselves from eternal damnation. The Pardoner tells a tail about three rioters who encounter death through their greediness. His motive for telling his tale is to get the travelers to buy pardons from him. This once again voices Chaucers distrust toward the church. Furthermore Chaucer at...

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History of Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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