Representation of the Other in Charlotte Brontes Jane...

Representation of the ‘Other’ in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Abstract This study aims at examining the representation of the’ other’ as portrayed in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre (1847). It attempts to inspect how the ‘Other’ is viewed in Nineteenth century England and the cultural ideology behind such specific representation. It poses crucial questions as to why the ‘Other’ is always represented negatively in main-stream western narrative as in the case of Bertha Mason who is portrayed as a madwoman and a voiceless monster that deserves a ten-year- rigorous confinement in the Attic. I will attempt to focus on the cultural and historical context of ‘Jane Eyre’ and its impact on the representation of the’ Other’. I will also draw on†¦show more content†¦Therefore, there is a great importance to focus on the ways in which meaning is produced and reproduced as the result of a particular discourse. According to Donnelly, Discourses are sets of experiences that are displayed through language, they are ways of referring to or constructing knowledge about a particular topic of practice. (2002:57). We come to know that representation is a form of discourse and it involves social conventions and unequal power relationships and that some people have more power to speak than others. Edward Said observes that the contemporary Western View of the Orient as an outsider and an inferior part of the West is manifested in the academic sphere. Western scholars use Oriental images and ideologies to consolidate the intellectual awkwardness of the Other .In other words, these views of the Orient are attempts to portray the superiority and intellectuality of the western status. (Said,1979). For Spivak, representation is not only a matter of ‘speaking about’ but also ‘speaking for and the role of literature in the production of cultural representation shouldn’t be ignored. (Spivak, 1988). She argues that many western writings ,for example Jane Eyre ,have not adequately portrayed the reality of the colonized Other and tend to exclude the voices of the Other where she concludes that theShow MoreRelated What aspects of Charlotte Brontes Essay876 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects of Charlotte Brontes What aspects of Charlotte Brontes depiction and use of the character of Bertha Mason are most clearly illuminated by Jean Rhys depiction and use of her parallel character of Antoinette? In Wide Sargasso Sea, written by Jean Rhys in the 1960’s, is a radical critique of the context of English Imperialism and male dominated society within which Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre. In order to both expose and oppose the parallels inherent in Jane Eyre, Rhys intertwinesRead More The Oppressed Female in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre886 Words   |  4 PagesThe Oppressed Female in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « clearly demonstrates the relationship between sexuality and morality in Victorian society through the character of Bertha Mason, the daughter of a West Indian planter and Rochesters first wife. Rochester recklessly married Bertha in his youth, and when it was discovered shortly after the marriage that Bertha was sexually promiscuous, Rochester locked her away. Bertha is called a maniac and isRead MoreEssay Jane Eyre As A Modern Woman778 Words   |  4 Pages Jane Eyre as a Modern Woman nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout the course of Charlotte Bronte’s novel, Jane Eyre, Jane is used as a representation of a modern woman. Jane does many things which women of her time didn’t do. She started reading as a little girl. This was a talent that most women at the time didn’t acquire throughout their entire lives. She learned how to write, also. This, too, was a skill most women of that time did not possess. Perhaps the biggest reason why Jane is a modernRead More Sexism Exposed in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSexism Exposed in Brontà «s Jane Eyre       The Victorian era in England marked a period of unprecedented technological, scientific, political, and economic advancement.   By the 1840s, the English had witnessed remarkable industrial achievements including the advent of the railways and the photographic negative.   They had witnessed the expansion of the Empire, and, as a result, were living in a time of great economic stability.   Yet they had also seen thousands of people starving-and dying-dueRead MoreThe Upbringing Of Orphans By Charles Dickens And Jane Eyre1714 Words   |  7 Pagesmany, and leads readers to wonder about the injustices of the conditions of the orphans. The novels Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens 1838 and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte 1847 depicted much of the 19th century working class and illustrated the treatment of orphans with different socio-economic perspectives. The role of the two orphans in the novels (Oliver and Jane) leads the reader through a maze of experiences, encountering life s threats and grasping its opportunities. The novels show an insightRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1601 Words   |  7 Pagesfeminist’s beliefs would likely shock her, so to interpret this novel as feminist, one must see it through the lens of the time and place Brontà « wrote it. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre was a feminist work in that Bronte expressed disdain for oppressive gender structures through the voice of Jane Eyre, and the actions of Bertha Mason. Jane Eyre was a steamy novel for its time, with imagery as blatantly concealed as Jane’s description of Rochester’s hand as being â€Å"rounded, muscular; and vigorous†¦longRead MoreFire and Water Imagery in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1671 Words   |  7 PagesFire and Water Imagery in Jane Eyre   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Jane Eyre, the use of water and fire imagery is very much related to the character and/or mood of the protagonists (i.e. Jane and Rochester, and to a certain extent St. John Rivers) -- and it also serves to show Jane in a sort of intermediate position between the two men. However, it should also be noted that the characteristics attributed to fire and water have alternately positive and negative implications -- to cite an example among many, nearRead MoreEssay on Jane Eyre - Challenging Victorian Beliefs1028 Words   |  5 PagesJane Eyre - Challenging Victorian Beliefs Charlotte Brontà « challenges the view that men are emotionally, socially and intellectually superior to women. Just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at Gods feet, equal - as we are! The 19th century was a period of oppression for women. The patriarchal system that dominated the Victorian period in Englands history, was one during which Charlotte Brontà « wrote and set the novel, Jane Eyre. Brontà « denounces the persecutionRead MoreFunhouse Mirrors: Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesTim Bartlett ENG 396 March 23, 2011 Funhouse Mirrors: Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason â€Å"Jane Eyre† is a book centred around female duality. In a time when females were still expected to fulfill their â€Å"womanly duties,† Charlotte Bronte wrote a novel dealing with a woman’s view on morality sexuality, passion sensibility, and conformity insanity, among other themes. This motif of duality plays a strong part in the dynamism that makes up the book, and is not limited to the themes, but is also usedRead MoreExplore How the Theme of Isolation Is Used in of Jane Eyre with Particular Focus on the Opening Chapters3688 Words   |  15 Pagesexploring how the theme of isolation is used throughout the novel Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte, with particular focus on the opening chapters. When Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre in 1847, it became an immediate bestseller. It contained themes of which were previously rarely brought to light and of which many believed to be controversial, such as womens place in the Victorian society, of which Bronte lived in. Jane Eyre was written in first person narrative. This technique immediately

Racism And Police Brutality Today By Cassandra Chaney And...

My first scholarly article that I read was Racism and Police Brutality in America by Cassandra Chaney and Ray V. Robertson. The article begins by highlighting the beating of Rodney King in 1992. Police brutality has gone on for a long time, and with the help of technology it has finally been brought to the light. In 1992, four white police officers beat an African American man named Rodney King. The events were caught on camera and were aired that night by a local TV station in Los Angeles. In the video the officers kicked, tasered, and beat King until he was left with an inch of his life. The injuries King sustained were crushed bones, shattered teeth, kidney damage and a fractured skull. The Rodney King beating showed American people the†¦show more content†¦This targeting led to the incarceration, imprisonment, chain gangs, prison farms and other correctional facilities for tens of thousands of African American men, women, and children.† The idea of mass incarcerati on being used to systematically oppress black people has traveled to the surface with Michelle Alexander’s book, The New Jim Crow, and Taylor talks about the effect of mass incarceration. In the book, Alexander highlights that the majority of the African American men are either in prison or have some type of criminal record making it unable for them to vote and get jobs. Alexander describes the criminal justice systems as the â€Å"New Jim Crow,† a modern type of oppression for African Americans. Mass incarceration rate skyrocketed during the Drug War and many African American were jailed for several years for petty crimes, shown in the documentary 13th by Ava DuVernay. Alexander book shows the oppression of African American and is a statement to change our criminal justice system that is targeted to victimize African Americans. Ultimately, Taylor points out that not only do the police have the power to destroy your body, but by using their power to charge African Amer ican men for petty crimes they able to effectively keep African Americans in a lower-class status, supporting the white suprematist view manifested in our police force. The Destruction of Black Bodies I examined a selection of articles regarding some of the high profile cases of police brutality likeShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1347 Words   |  6 PagesHunter Silver Dr. Kendall Smith English 103-4120 10 November 2015 High Incarceration Rates Due to Racism Racism effects the the high incarceration rates according to Michelle Alexander, the author of â€Å"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. This scholar writes about how the civil rights movement has been taken back by the mass incarceration of black Americans in the war on drugs. Alexander also explains how the severe consequences that these black men carry on afterRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects1973 Words   |  8 PagesThe term / issue of â€Å"Police Brutality† has been going on as early as the late 1800s and is something that still possibly has the same effect to its victims today. On August 22, 2006, a twelve year old girl, Dymond Milburn, was sent outside to go switch a circuit breaker. Then a van with three undercover officers came out and accused her of being a prostitute and were about to arrest her. One of the men grabbed Dymond and said â€Å"You’re a prostitute. You’re coming with me.† Like any o ther person

The Violence And Sexual Conquest Of Women Essay - 1836 Words

When my roommate was in elementary school, the boys in her grade would not let her play sports with her. The reason they gave her was that she was a girl, and sports were not for girls. She was told that she was not strong enough to play, and that sports were a boy thing. They then told her to go play house or kiss tag. When they said that, she proceeded to beat the boys up, making them look like the ones who weren’t strong. While violence is not the way to prove someone wrong, this story has a point. Taylor wanted to play basketball, but she was told she couldn’t because she was a girl. This might seem like innocent children making assumptions, but this is where it begins. These children will grow into adults that watch movies like Pixel, where the woman who is objectified is literally turned into an object, watch television shows like Two and a Half Men, which glorifies the manipulation and sexual conquest of women, and read books like Lolita and take it seriously. Th is idea, while developed in other places as well, is created through the media. Some people believe that equality has been reached, or that because women have obtained more rights than they had, the feminist cause is done. Contrary to this belief, feminism and equality have not been obtained. The media is a symptom of the disease, and if we continue at the pace we are at, women will continue to be degraded. Others are afraid to be labeled as a feminist. In America, 85% of people believe women and men shouldShow MoreRelated`` Bad Indians `` By Deborah Miranda1408 Words   |  6 PagesIndians†, she uses documents, images, and drawings to expose colonial violence and provides evidence of a history of conquest. There are different types of colonial violence that are depicted throughout her memoir, such as: physical, emotional, sexual, and cultural violence. 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Oscar and Yunior illustrateRead MoreIntroduction In this paper, I argue that while sexual violence is arguably the monopoly of men, it1000 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In this paper, I argue that while sexual violence is arguably the monopoly of men, it is culturally cultivated rather than biologically determined. Consistent with the concept of Hegemonic Masculinity which theorises male domination of other males and subordination of females (Connell, 2005), I assert that rape is particularly rampant in societies where sexual violence is an effective means of attaining this status quo. Thus when rape is institutionalised in the context of war whereRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Rape Culture in Modern Society 1107 Words   |  5 Pagesstates freedom of expression, statistics show rape and sexual assault numbers have risen due to the presence of rape culture in modern society. Rape culture promotes more assaults and violent acts, not only towards women but also towards men. 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Significant Hermeneutical and Theological Issues

Question: Discuss about theSignificant Hermeneutical and Theological Issues. Answer: Introduction Today, many people disagree with the interpretation of certain passages of the Bible. Here, the problem is not on the difficulties of reading the scripture, but rather the way the reader come to the interpretation table with distinct backgrounds, education, theologies among others that influences the way one comprehend the text about the biblical truths and one's experience. Hermeneutics is the principle by which the Bible is interpreted, or it is the theory of textual interpretation. This hermeneutical approach has a major effect on the one interpreting it. Basing on Galatians1:1-18 and Luke24:13-32, my essay discusses on some of the theological and hermeneutical issues when interpreting scriptures. Culture Issue Culture is a significant problem that arises when interpreting and reading the scriptures. For instance, people that live in the Western world might experience difficulties with accurate interpretation of a context and how others view everything in the world. Culture hinders understanding of the way things are and how they are intended to be[1]. Culture can hinder one from interpreting the content the way the author intended it to be or how God want it to be. In Galatians Chapter 1, Paul explains the doctrine of justification through faith, but some of the Judaizers were much held to the Moses' law whereby they were trying to include it as part of Christian doctrine. Some miss-interpret it by claiming that it is the justification of faith that does give Christians privilege of signing without being held accountable for the sin[2]. This is not true, what Paul explains is that Christianity is a fellowship with the Father given through Jesus Christ who was His son. In Galatians 1:1, he writes a letter to Galatia and starts by saying that people never made him an apostle, but it is Christ who had appointed him. In that region, there were many people with other doctrines and high culture that did try to change what Paul had established, but this was to warn them.[3] Lots of Jews had received Christ and were trying to incorporate Christianity and Judaism. Paul emphasizes that one cannot remain active in Christianity if he mixes other beliefs with Christianity. According to Paul, the resurrection of Jesus meant an inauguration of the entire era of cosmic regeneration and a new creation. However, according to Epicurean, the resurrection was nonsense since they had adopted the theory that all things are made of atoms in constant and no association, and thus the resurrection of Christ meant nothing to them. They had assumed that some of the atoms had swerved out of their standard form and due to this, Epicureans strongly objected the Resurrection of Christ. Hermeneutical reflection and practice today reflects the plan of our pluralistic, a special interest culture and not the biblical view point. For instance, in some scholarly literature, we find much hermeneutics such as structuralist hermeneutics, black womanist hermeneutics among others hermeneutics. In appreciating that one ought to take the two prospects of the culture of biblical and our culture in the enterprise of interpretive, one can wonder on how biased individual interests hermeneutics have come to be. We confirm this through hermeneutic of reader response which states that "in effect that the legal meaning of any text is usually up to the reader. Theological Issue Luke wrote the book of Luke to ancient people in a culture and language that are ancient. Thus, for readers to have a valid biblical interpretation of a text they must be consistent with the context of historical-cultural of the text.[4] The literary context of Luke chapter 24:13-32 examines the death of Christ with His deliverance. Here the reader is moved from the absence of Christ to His visible appearance. Literature genre may appear where Luke uses different categories of literature to refer to, thus bringing a theological issue. In that chapter, the narrative discloses on the two followers who were walking from Jerusalem to Emmaus where one was named Cleopas.[5] One may speculate this by saying this was the one mentioned in the Gospel John 19:25 spelled "Cleophas" thus the other person could be Mary, his wife. Hence, the closeness of these names may bring an issue of interpretation the text in the Bible. In Galatians1:1-18, the purpose of Paul's message was to defend his apostleship due to attack he had on his authority affirming that he was not commissioned by a congregation but through Jesus Christ. His aim was also to discuss on the justification through faith. The language used here, echoes the prophetic call of Jeremiah in the Old Testament and his mission on his calling was to proclaim Christ to the Gentiles.[6] Under the contextual insight of this chapter, it's hard to interpret since it contains grammatical idiosyncrasies where he broke his subject with series of parenthesis, broken sentences, and unusual punctuation. Hence, it can bring a problem in trying to follow the thought of Paul. A theological problem may arise in the scripture of Galatians 1:1-18 on how to relate the Old Testament and the New Testament. One can reveal God in Old Testament in a marvelous way; however, when it comes to Judaism they emphasized the human aspect on the covenant thus mishandling the Mosaic covenant.[7] This can bring a misunderstanding in interpretation if one doesn't relate well the two divisions of Old and New Testament. Kerygma Issue Kerygma is the announcement of a person before. A problem arises when it is expressed as a witness in the scripture. A hermeneutical arises since we are not the one who did witness but we are the hearers who listen to the witnesses.[8] Hence we can only believe by hearing and by interpreting the text which itself is already an interpretation.[9] Luke Chapter 24 confirms the issue of kerygma where Jesus says, "Everything written about me in the Law of Moses and prophets and the Psalms, must be fulfilled." He opened their minds by saying "thus it is written, Christ should suffer and on the third day rise from dead and the repentance and forgiveness of sins should get preached in his name to all nations."[10] The framework of these grammatical versus illustrates the developing Kerygma fulfill, suffer, rise, and preach. We tend to believe what happened through faith since we never witnessed and also in these verses there is fusion of horizons whereby it occurs in the text, but the word w as appropriated in front of the text thus bringing the issue of Hermeneutic.[11] Feminist Issue Feminist Hermeneutical is a subject that revolves around the practice of women's interest. According to Danvers, not only is there "widespread uncertainty and confusion in our culture regarding the complementary differences between masculinity and femininity,"[12] but there has been a resultant confusion regarding the proper treatment and the way biblical text is interpreted. Feminist biblical Hermeneutical comes with three principles including the radical form, the neo-orthodox, and the critical form. The fundamental denies all ability to the Bible claiming it has been formed by men; the neo-orthodox accepts the Bible while the critical form rediscovers women's status and their roles. Women are playing a lively part in exegetical study and have thrived better than men in identifying the presence and were playing a significant role. In Luke 24:22, it was women who were early in the sepulcher, and this had astonished other people. The sensitivity of feminine has helped to unmask and c orrect some normally acknowledged interpretations that were tendentious and aimed to validate the domination of male on women[13]. Feminist Exegesis has proceeded from a preconceived judgment and runs the threat of interpreting texts of the Bible in a tendentious and arguable way. Fundamentalist Issue This interpretation begins with a principle that God's word being stimulated and free error, should be read and be inferred in all details. However, literal interpretation comprehends a literalist interpretation that is nave by excluding every endeavor in comprehending the Bible that accounts for its historical origin and improvement[14]. Fundamentalist has a problem in the interpretation of the biblical text since it refuses to be responsible for the historical character of the revelation of the Bible and makes itself unable of accommodating the whole truth of the incarnation itself. It fails to identify that God's word has been created in language and expression accustomed by various phases. Luke 24:15 on the resurrection of Jesus, seems to challenge a belief in the bodily Christ resurrection. Christ appears and disappears out of thin air, and this describes a more ethereal resurrection[15]. The belief in resurrection that is physical can raise questions on whether bodies will be r aised just as they are. Fundamentalist is dangerous since it is attractive to people who looks to the Bible to get ready answers for life's problems thus offers them religious interpretations but illusory, rather than telling them the word doesn't contain immediate solutions to their daily problems. Rhetorical Analysis Issue The current studies in the area of biblical have committed some substantial attention to the existence of features of rhetorical in scripture since the more biblical text is in some character of measure persuasive. Rhetoric is the action of creating discourse in aiming influential. The rhetoric draws attention to language capacity so as to persuade and convince[16]. Every discourse situation involves three elements such as the speaker, the discourse, and the audience. The word of God is not just a statement of truths rather it is a message that carries within itself a communication function in a prcised context, carry with it certain argument power and a rhetorical strategy. When rhetorical analysis remains on the level of explanation, its results often reflects an apprehension for style only. It is not an independent method that is sufficient by itself and the way it is applied raises various questions. In Galatians chapter 1:2, Paul addresses his message to the people of Galatia me aning that it was to be read by those assemblies. Here, Galatians functions like a speech thus emphasizing linear presentation. "The audience hears the words in progression without the opportunity to review what has been said earlier and an orally received text are characterized by a greater degree of repetition than is a text is intended to be read privately." [17] Christological Issue Christology is main concerned with nature and person of Jesus and it is mainly concerned with details of the ministry of Jesus, his teachings in arriving at a clear understanding and his role in salvation. There are three hermeneutical issues that arise in Christology which are Jesus' resurrection, narrative's role in Christology and that Jesus is the universal savior. All these may bring an issue when interpreting the Bible[18]. After Jesus had resurrected, he engages in an interesting conversation with two of his disciples on the journey to Emmaus. In the dialogue He tells them "beginning with Moses and with all the prophets, He explained to them the things concerning Himself in all the Scriptures.[19] Later in the chapter, he tells them that all the things written will come to be fulfilled. Today, many who truly believe in the Old Testament must be led in the light of the New Testament. Luke 24 substantiate a hermeneutic of Christological where to some it means an allegorical inte rpretation method that sees the picture of Jesus and his work as a deliverance hidden in the Old Testament but to others they see it as proof that encodes references to Christ. In this way, truths revealed in the New Testaments about the Messiah are seen as the central to discovering the real meaning of the scriptures of the Old Testament. In these verses of Luke, he does not mandate Christological hermeneutic since in the verses there is no record of a particular verse that was referred to by Jesus[20]. According to Jesus in Luke 24, the two men central problem was with them was foolishness and slowness of heart that did prevent them from believing what been revealed about Him in the Old Testament. Today, many claims that the Old Testament cannot be understood apart from the New Testament light, but this is opposite in Luke 24. Jesus had expected them to be able to comprehend and to believe what had been taught about him apart from the light of the revelation of the New Testament. Jesus was affirming the perspicuity of Old Testament and insisting that its original audience could understand its revelation. The Canonical Issue The canonical approach expresses its perception that the critical method of historical, experiences difficulty time in arriving at conclusions in a level of theological. It seeks to position each text within God's plan. The system does not affirm to be an alternative for the critical method of historical and the hope is usually rather compete it[21]. In canonical approach, the complex relation that exists is that of Jewish and Christian canons of scripture, and this raises a problem of interpretation. Canonical interpret each text in the light of canon scripture and thus the Bible is acknowledged as the norm of faith by community's believers. Conclusion The way a biblical text is interpreted has an effect on the truth of that verse. There many hermeneutical issues that are related to the interpretation of the biblical text and scripture. The message must be looked on who wrote the text (writer), why he wrote the text and who it is intended to so as to be able to interpret clearly the content of the text. References [1] Mohr, J. W., Rawlings, C. (2012). Four ways to measure culture: Social science, hermeneutics, and the cultural turn. The Oxford handbook of cultural sociology, 70-113. 2 Brevard S. Childs. (1992). Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflection on the Christians Bible. Minneapolis: Fortress, 324-326. 3Hardin, J. K. (2014). GALATIANS 12 WITHOUT A MIRROR.Tyndale Bulletin,65, 275-303. 4Brevard S. Childs, Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflection on the Christians Bible. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992, 324-326. 5 Luke Chapter 24:16-32 6 Gerhard Ebeling. The Nature of Faith trans. Ronald Gregor Smith (London: Collins, 1961), 188-191. 7Martin Buber, "The man of Today and Jewish Bible, "Biblical Humanism: Eighteen Studies by Martin Buber, ed. Nahum N. Glatzer. London: Macdonald, 1968, 5-6. 8Anthony C. Thistleton, Hermeneutics: An Introduction (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009), 191-94. 9 Luke Chapter 24:13-32 10 Robert W. Wall, "Reading the New Testament in Canonical Context," in Hearing the New Testament: Strategies for Interpretation. Ed. J.B. Green. (GrandRapids, Eerdmans 1995)384-85. 11 Pratt, D. (2015). Terrorism and religious fundamentalism: Prospects for a predictive paradigm. Marburg Journal of Religion, 11(1). 12 Luke 24:15 13Copeland, R., Melville, S. (2013). Allegory and Allegoresis, Rhetoric and Hermeneutics.Exemplaria. 14Rickert, T. (2013).Ambient rhetoric: The attunements of rhetorical being. University of Pittsburgh Pre. 15Bloemendal, J. (2016). Exegesis and Hermeneutics in Erasmus' Paraphrase on Luke. Erasmus Studies, 36(2), 148-162. 16 Luke 24:27 17Schillebeeckx, E. (2013). Can Christology be an Experiment?.Proceedings of the Catholic Theological Society of America,35. 18Watson, F. (2013). Gospel writing: A canonical perspective. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.